Third and fourth degree hemorrhoids normally can't be treated by normal procedures and needs a hemorrhoidectomy. This surgery is used to eradicate internal hemorrhoids and in some severe cases it can be used to remove external hemorrhoids which have not been cured with the normal medication that is given.

When under going this operation, it is essential to use anesthesia and depending on the time needed for of the surgery, the patients' preference to the medication and the patients' health, there are three kinds of anesthesia that can be applied. The types of anesthesia are the following: general anesthesia, that leaves the patient fully unconscious, spinal anesthesia, that numbs from the waist down and local anesthesia that is injected directly into the area that is going to be operated on.

Not eating at least for 12 hours before the surgery averts the risk of vomiting during the operation and even in recovery; this is mostly recommended by the doctors and surgeons. It is also normal to go through various tests before the surgery will take place, these can include blood tests and urine tests. In extreme sever cases if the patient is very poorly, other tests will take place akin to an x-ray and aspirin to thin out the blood.

The hemorrhoidectomy will last form anything from 1 hour up to 1 and a half hours if all of the earlier tests have been passed accordingly. The operation is a simple on which the patient is laid face down on the table with his legs held in straps so that the buttocks is facing up with both anus as well as rectum exposed. Once the anesthesia starts taking effect, the doctor will proceed to clamp and tie the hemorrhoid so that it will not bleed, and with a scalpel, eradicate the hemorrhoid.

Once the operation is over, the patient will be sent to observation until the anesthesia wears out of the body completely; the patients will then undergo another test to check if he can urinate, this is to make sure that there is no inflammation in the tissues sometimes caused by the operation. If everything is fine the patient will be given a discharge, but if any complication should arise, the patient will be hospitalized.

On most occasions, later effects may occur such as blood in stools or bleeding when moving bowels. The doctor usually provides the patient with pain medicine and numbing tablets which are used when moving bowels; this is quite common right after the operation is completed. It is also highly suggested to take antibiotics prescribed by the doctor for the prevention of any illness that might happen.

The post surgery patients must undergo a regular check up with their surgeon and also necessary care at home. In order that stools pass without necessary strain it is recommended to intake a lot of fiber foods and take stool softener pills. A long bath in warm water to help relax the anal muscles even helps ease pain and itching which can be caused by the surgery.

Every surgery has its risk factor and common side effects. Few more common than others may come in view after having a hemorrhoidectomy. The most common problems can include hematoma, constipation, bleeding and problems to pass urine. More uncommon problems can occur at a later time and can be risky; these include bleeding extremely and hemorrhoid reappearance. It is necessary to consult a doctor straight away if any of these symptoms appear.

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