A critical negotiation skill in your business negotiations is how you go about preparing your objectives.

I would like to offer you 3 important points that we cover in our negotiation skills training workshops to think about when you are getting ready for your negotiations.

1. What is the absolutely best outcome for you in this negotiation?

What would a fantastic agreement (one that you would be very happy to agree to) look like?

We call this your aspiration base - in other words, the level at which you will aspire to close the agreement.

You should be aware that it is important in your negotiation to always ask for a little more than you expect to get. This means that you must always have an aspiration base that is higher than your targeted outcome. By asking for a little more than you would like to achieve you allow yourself to make a concession to your counterpart in exchange for a counter concession.

On the positive side, you may just get what you regard to be ideal if you ask for it! Don't make the mistake of making decisions on behalf of your counterpart by saying to yourself they will not be happy with that .Take note that I am not advocating that you make extreme demands - extreme demands are very risky and dependent on the cultural environment within which you find yourself.

2. What is the absolutely minimum acceptable outcome for you in this negotiation?

At what stage will you decide to end or postpone your talks?

If you do not decide on a specific stage at which it will no longer be possible or desirable for you to close a transaction, then you may become susceptible to closing a deal that you will not be happy with. This is critical to do as you could easily become emotionally committed to reaching agreement at any cost because you may think that your individual credibility is at stake.

3. What do you think are the aspirations and minimum acceptable deal levels for your counterpart?

It is also critical that you contemplate the aspirations and minimum acceptable deal levels from your counterparts point of view. This will never be an exact science but through proper planning and investigation of supporting information you may be able to get a good view of what kind of agreement is the standard in your industry or type of negotiation.

By considering the aspirations and minimum acceptable transaction levels from your counterparts point of view, you will be able to identify the bargaining range. Knowing the bargaining range or zone of possible agreement (ZOPA) will help you to see if a transaction is possible or not.

Most negotiation training courses will teach you that the agreement range is defined as the area of overlap between your minimum acceptable deal level and the minimum acceptable deal levels of your counterpart.

Remember that 99 percent of your success in negotiation is dependent on the quality of your planning. You should spend at least as much time planning for negotiations as you expect to be busy negotiating. If you expect to be in negotiations for an hour, then you should spend at least the same time in preparations.

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